Identifying the constraining factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

Selection of cultivars with high genetic potential and favorable climatic adaption in each region and exact planting date for maximum utilization of effective factors are the necessary management for increase of crop yield. Therefore, the effect of planting dates of 19 May, 29 May, 8 June and 18 June on yield and yield components of four intermediate soybean cultivars i.e. Williams, Zan, L17 and M7 was studied in a randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. Analysis of variance showed that planting date affects on harvest index, total biomass and seed per plant. Effects of cultivar on harvest index, seed weight and seed number per plant were significant (p£0.01). Interaction of planting date and cultivar on harvest and seed number per plant was significant (p£0.01). Increase of planting date of 29 May and Cv. Williams had the most harvest index. Seed number per plant on 29 May (61.6) was significant. Seed number per plant in cvs Williams and M7 were significant. Average of seed number per plant on 29 May in cvs Williams and M7 and also, on 8 June in Cv. Williams were significant. Seed weight in Cv. M7 was the least. 8 June had the highest total biomass.

Background: Organophosphate compound (OPC) poisoning with suicidal intent is common in Indian ICUs. These compounds are the organic derivatives of phosphorous containing acids and their effect on neuromuscular junction and autonomic synapses is clinically important. Organophosphate poisoning can present as acute cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome and delayed neuropathy. Case Presentation: Intermediate syndrome secondary to organophosphate poisoning is a serious health problem leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The incidence of problem varies and ranges from 8%-84% of OPC poisoning cases. After initial recovery from cholinergic crisis, some patients have resurgence of respiratory muscle paralysis requiring continued ventilatory support. This is termed intermediate syndrome (IMS). The factors accounting for this difference is the nature of organophosphate compound, severity of poisoning and inadequate oxime therapy. The recognition of this syndrome is important as if this entity is overlooked it can have disastrous effects. Discussion: Our patient had developed respiratory muscle weakness as evidenced by inadequate respiratory efforts, drop in oxygen saturation, retention of CO2 and need for ventilatory support. There was no evidence of weakness in ocular, neck, bulbar muscles but he had weakness in all 4 limbs more pronounced in proximal muscles. Conclusion: We presented this case of OPC poisoning with intermediate syndrome, which remained for a prolonged time and required mechanical ventilation for 16 days. This case highlights how the timely intervention can save the patient’ s life.

Six male sterile with four male fertile sorghum, Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench, lines were crossed in a factorial mating design in 1998. Twenty four F1 hybrids and ten parental lines were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications, at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran in 1999. Two cuttings forage were harvested from all genotypes (F12 and parents). Four traits including plant height, tiller no., green yield and dry matter were measured. There were significant differences among genotypes, cuttings and genotype X cutting interaction for all traits at 1% level of probability. Analysis of variance showed that, there are significant effects of genotypes, parent, parent vs. crosses (except for tiller no. at average of cuttings), lines (for plant height in 2nd cut and mean), testers and line tester interaction. There were differnces among lines and testers GCA which shows the importance of additive effects of genes for this traits, therefore, the selection methods can be used for breeding programmes. Heretiability of some traits were different in first, second and average of cuttings. Therefore, in each cutting, the heretiability should be considered in multi cutting sorghum lines. Significant differences were observed among SCA of some parents which shows the importance of dominance effects of genes for majority of traits in hybrids. Hence the hybridization method can be used for breeding programmes. The highest positive SVA was obtained for green fodder from crossing of A__ICS 84 × R__2 , A__ICS88005× R__1, A__ICS31×R__28 & A__1×R__112, and for dry matter from crossing of A__ICS88005×R__1, A__ICS__31×R__28, A__2×R__112, A__ISC84×R__112& A__ICS31× R__2 at average of two cutting. The highest yield of two cuttings was obtained for green fodder from crossing of A__ICS84×R__2 and for dry matter from crossing of A__ICS31×R__2 with 144.8 and 34.5 tha^-1 , respecticely.

To study the effect of salinity stress on some physiological traits in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was performed at 2017 in the research greenhouse of Agronomy Department, University of Tehran. Salinity treatments at two levels; control (1.2 dS/m) and sodium chloride treatment (16 dS/m) and seven wheat cultivars, Rowshan, Inia-66, Mahdavi, Khazar-1, Karaj-2, Ghods and Shole were the experimental treatments. According to the results, relative water content, yield and its components and potassium/sodium ratio decreased in all genotypes while Na+ content and remobilization of carbohydrates were increased. Salt resistant varieties, Roshan and Inia-66, had the highest level of relative water content, remobilization of soluble carbohydrates and number of grains per spike. In addition, Roshan cultivar showed the highest potassium concentration and K+/Na+ in the shoots, while Ghods and Sholeh as sensitive cultivars had the highest sodium concentration in the shoots. Findings showed that the ability of a cultivar to remobilize soluble carbohydrates is one of the traits that determine salt stress tolerance, hence, this trait is suitable for evaluating salt tolerance of wheat cultivars in the future investigations.

A new scheme for the application of the intermediate-term medium-range earthquake prediction algorithm M8 is proposed. The scheme accounts for the natural distribution of seismic activity, eliminates the subjectivity in the positioning of the areas of investigation and provides additional stability of the predictions with respect to the original variant. According to the retroactive testing in Italy and adjacent regions, this improvement is achieved without any significant change of the alarm volume in comparison with the results published so far.

Background: Organophosphates (OPs) are regularly utilized as pesticides all over the world. Exposures to OPs cause countless cases of poisoning and death annually. Organophosphates inebriation generates a range of muscarinic, nicotinic, and cholinergic side effects including both central and peripheral nervous systems. OP compound’ s simple accessibility is responsible for expanding rates of pesticide poisoning and the fact that it is a noteworthy reason for morbidity and mortality that presents general medical issues in a growing district. Methods: I performed a review of the published literature. The databases Medline, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched using the terms intermediate syndrome, organophosphate induces intermediate syndrome and organophosphate poisoning. Databases were merged and a duplicate was removed. Results: In intense organophosphate poisoning, serious and delayed acetylcholinesterase restraint comes with oxidative stress, identified in erythrocyte membranes, that takes place in the initial phases of poisoning and may add to the progress and seriousness of intermediate syndrome (IMS). Conclusion: It normally appears 2-4 days after presentation when the side effects and indications of the intense cholinergic disorder (e. g., muscle fasciculations, muscarinic signs) are not evident anymore. However, IMS has been considered as a noteworthy causative factor of organophosphate-related morbidity and mortality due to its incessant presence and potential occurrence of breathing malfunction. The aim of the article is to bring down the clear idea about the IMS.